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1.Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP): 

In this procedure, the laser is used to remove the enlarged or excess tissue obstructing the urethra. The tissues are cut into small pieces that can be easily removed. This option is suitable to treat a severely enlarged prostate.

2.Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate (PVP):

In this technique, excess prostate tissue is treated by the laser such that it melts away, and the urinary channel widens.

3.Holmium Laser Ablation of the Prostate (HoLAP): 

It is similar to Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate (PVP), but in this procedure, a different kind of laser is used.

During the procedure, a scope is inserted through the penis tips via the tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder (urethra) to be passed out of the body. 

The prostate is surrounding the urethra. The laser is inserted to shrink the excess tissue that blocks the urine flow and remove it using different instruments.

It helps to minimize urinary and prostate problems by relieving its symptoms like those associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia, like:

• Frequent urgency to pee, especially at night

• Difficulty in peeing

• Discontinuous or slow urine flow  

• Urinary tract infections (UTI)

• Inability to urinate

Laser surgery may also help in treating and preventing potential complications resulting from urine flow blockage, like:

• Inability to pee 

• Recurrent UTI

• Kidney or bladder damage

• Stones in bladder

A urinary catheter is placed to ease the swelling that obstructs the urinary flow. 

You might also notice some side effects after this procedure like:

• Blood in your urine for a few days to weeks after the surgery. 

• Urgent or frequent bathroom visits for peeing accompanied by a burning sensation. It can last for a few weeks to months. Discuss It with your doctor if it becomes bothersome.

• Difficulty holding urine which improves as time passes.

• The patient may need to stay at the hospital stay, which depends on the type of surgery.

Few general tips for taking care after the surgery include:

-Avoid strenuous activity, like heavy lifting, until you start feeling easy and the doctor approves it. 

-Avoid having sexual intercourse for a week or two after the surgery as it can lead to pain and bleeding.

-Take medicines as advised by the doctor.

-Visit your doctor if you notice any usual signs like thickened urine or blood clots in the urine.

The advantages of using laser therapy over traditional treatment options include:

• Lower risk of bleeding. Especially for those who suffer from blood or clotting disorders.

• Shorter hospital stay. 

• Faster recovery. 

• The shorter requirement for a catheter after surgery (for less than 24 hours).

• Faster improvements in symptoms.

• Bleeding and blood clot formation

• Infection at the operated site

• Injury to nearby organs

• Reaction to the anesthesia used during the surgery

• Need for additional surgery if laser surgery fails to treat or remove all the excess tissue.